Target Audience- Magazine

This magazine has a mostly male demographic and the magazine does a lot in order to appeal to that audience. One of the biggest villains in comic history is front and centre of this magazine, which is the source of a lot of hype to see Jared Leto's performance in action. The character is posed very sinisterly, holding an electrical object of some sort. The tone of this cover is very gritty, from the filters and the tattoos. This is clearly intended to appeal to the male audience with its dark tone and sinister themes.

This cover is for the magazine cosmopolitan. Cosmopolitan's audience mainly focuses on targeting women as their target audience. We can see that the cover looks to appeal to the female audience in a number of ways. The magazine uses pink as the main colour for its font, a colour that is often favoured by women. The cover is written as if they are talking to a woman, as can be seen in the 'love your body (and his)' line. A fashionable woman can be seen in the centre of the image and the magazine will do this in order to encourage readers to pick up the issue in order to learn how to achieve her look.

This is a cover for the sports magazine, ESPN. ESPN has a largely male following and tailors their magazine covers in order to appeal to a male demographic. The focus of the image is an American Football player who is standing in an imposing pose. The colour pallet that is being used within this cover sticks to predominantly male colours such as red and blue. Even the font style is aimed to create an impression of American football and sport.

Textual Analysis of Three Examples- Magazine Covers

Media Timeline- Magazine Cover

Magazines began as an upbeat variation on the bland newspaper format. Over the years we have seen magazines that can appeal to all genres of matters such as music and film. Magazines can differ dramatically, offering creatively different renditions of covers and writing styles for a mass audience.

The use of magazines have featured since around 1852 when mills in Germany began producing wood pulp for paper making, replacing rag-based paper for newspaper and magazine printing.

The 1900s was a time in which we bagan to see some of the mainstream names that continue to publish even today. Photoplay, the first magazine for movie fans was released in 1912.

Mainstream magazines broke new ground with the release of Reader's Digest, The New Yorker, Time, Newsweek, Esquire, Life and Playboy in the years 1922-53.

The first use of colour advertising was used in UK magazines such as The Bolton Evening News in 1962.

Rolling Stone also began to demonstrate the popularity of special interest-magazines 1967.

The Cosmopolitan UK is the first international edition and went on to become the world's best selling women magazine in 1972.

Entertainment Weekly starts up in 1990. This is a major magazine about all things media related that is still running today.

A massive inspiration for my magazine cover is Empire Magazine. Empire is a British film magazine which covers some of the largest releases to come to the cinema. They began in 1989 and still continue to cover film related news today. Their visual style relays on the characters, pushing story and other details into the environment and their props. This results in a great standout look that will immediately catch any reader/movie fan's eye.

Poster Design (Draft)

Target Audience- Poster

This poster establishes the director as a main selling point for the film. Considering that Quentin Tarnatino is one of the most famous directors in the world, this will encourage a large audience to go see his latest film. The western genre is also made clear to the audience which could help bring in more of an audience. The total domestic box office for the film was $162,805,434.

Inception focuses on two main aspects, its cast and the sci-fi elements. The poster achieves an awareness of its cast by having all of the major members standing in the poster, as well as having Leonardo Dicaprio's name in bold font. Since he is a major selling point for any film, it is important to have him as a major feature. The sci-fi/adventure aspects are shown by having a warped reality taking place within the poster. The film had a total domestic gross of $292,576,195.

This is a poster for the film 'The Dark Knight Rises'. The thing that stands out about this poster is its reliance in strong imagery and removal of any cast names or production companies. Instead, the poster appeals to the audience that has been built up from the previous films in the Dark Knight series by showing a broken cowl with the tagline 'the legend ends'. This adds the factor of an ultimatum which can be a massive selling point for a lot of audience members as they would like to see how the story will end. The film had an overall domestic gross of $448,139,099.

Secondary Research Audience- Poster and Magazine

Posters are a cinema tradition that are able to establish tone, character, cast and more. They were extremely important part of the film making process, especially when trailers were not featured of films. A poster is often the first thing that an audience member would have seen of a film so it was always important that it would give off a good first impression that accurately depicts how the final film will feel tonally. Now that film making and promotion has taken a step in the modern age, there is less of a reliance on posters than there used to be. People tend to get their information from websites such as Twitter or IMDb instead of through a poster. As a result, a lot of posters follow the same format, making them seem repetitive as a result. Films with a lower budget only use this process to identify themselves, instead they attempt to focus on less costly methods of advertisement.

Where can you find a posters now:

-You can still find posters on websites such as IMDb or Twitter.
- Posters are most commonly found in cinemas in order to show the typed of films that are being shown.
-Billboards in areas such as London and New York show examples of film posters on a large scale for films with a larger budget.
-Cabs and Buses are often used to show a film that is about to be released in order to spread the message more.

The poster needs to focus on the aspects of the film that will best bring in members of the audience. With Quentin Tarantino's films, the posters often say 'the new film by Quentin Tarantino'. This ensures that fans of his films will be immediately drawn to the film. Films with a big cast will put them as the centrepiece of the poster. Big franchises may avoid using a name all together and focus mainly on imagery, in order to appeal to an existing audience. It is important for the poster to establish the film's tone and genre as this factor will dictate a large portion of the audience.

This graph clearly indicates the difference that genre can make on a film's success. Comedy and Adventure are the most successful out of the list with concert performances falling to the bottom of the list. This is why it is important for posters to appeal to a certain genre in order to pull in as large of an audience as possible for the film.

Magazines:

Magazines are an exciting variation in ways to receive news. The difference between magazines and newspapers is that magazines were able to focus on a more focused audience by having genre specific mags. One of the oldest forms of genre specific magazines is the film magazine. This has allowed audiences to remain up to date with the latest events within the film industry and has continued this tradition up until today. Magazines used to be one of the only forms of promotion for coming films. As this medium has stepped into the modern age, it has remained as a great source of promotion surrounding the film. This is largely due to the amount of behind the scenes coverage that can be obtained through the articles. The biggest appeal of a magazine is usually from big franchises as they usually utilise world exclusives in order to show first glimpses of characters that then cause buzz to circulate around the film. A recent example of this is the Suicide Squad shoot which showed the audiences our best looks of the characters within the film.

Examples of magazines and audiences include:

Empire-A film magazine that appeals mostly to adult men. The magazine may target the audience more carefully by focusing on male associated genres such as action or crime as opposed to romance.

Entertainment Weekly-Has a much more balanced audience demographic. We can see that it appeals slightly more to women than men. Entertainment Weekly probably achieve this through the vast content that they provide in films, TV, books and gaming instead of limiting itself to one part of entertainment.

Cosmopolitan-Is one of the leading magazines in the world and appeal largely to women between the age of 18-34. The magazine targets its audience by even referring to itself as a women's magazine and only dealing with women's fashion and makeup.

It is important that the cover of a magazine directly relates to the audience which you are attempting to appeal to. A film magazine that has a largely male demographic may include an exclusive of an upcoming action film or show a major actor on the front cover. A fashion magazine for women will show a women dressed in the latest clothing with good makeup. A sports magazine for men may show sports such as American Football.

Textual Analysis-Poster: Django Unchained

This poster is for the 2012 film, Django Unchained. The interesting thing about this poster that strays from convention is its reliance on the expectation of the film. Straight away the audience notices that there is no title for the film. Instead, it is advertised as 'the new film by Quentin Tarantino'. For a lot of people, this piece of information would have already sold the movie to them since Tarantino is such a praised director. This confidence in its creative team is further shown with the release date of christmas being shown. This will ensure that the film will be talked about for having its release on christmas, since it is such an uncommon date but at the same time it will ensure a new year box office.

The poster gives only essential information about the film away. The poster sticks to a very minimalist layout. The colours associated with the film are the base of the poster, using reds and darker reds. These colours offer connotations to violence and blood. The use of these connotations set the tone for the story, showing revenge and blood for blood. The two main characters are put in the front of the poster, although we cannot see details of these characters, we can assume their identity after watching trailers related to the film. We can see a chain in the centre of the poster. This shows the aspect of Django becoming a free man after being enslaved. The poster also does a great job of establishing the genre of the film. The washed out effect of the poster give the impression that it is old. The use of font type combines with this in order to give the impression that this film is a western.

To conclude, the poster gives away minimal information but at the same time guarantees that large audiences will go see the film. Quentin Tarantino is made to be the focus of the poster which will draw all types of film fans to the project. Genre is established clearly with the expectation of Tarantino's unique violence and revenge story telling. We can see other key story elements such as the two main characters and the broken chain which suggests freedom.

Textual Analysis- Film Poster: Fight Club

This poster for fight club manages to take themes and plot points directly from the film and communicate them subtly to the audience. The most notable aspect of the poster is the minimalist approach. The image consists only of the Narrator and Tyler Durden, with the names of the actors and director as well as a title. No company label or relation can be seen on this cover. This is done as a reference to the characters hatred of mainstream ideology and influence of major cooperations. As a result the poster goes against conventions in order to reflect this rebellious nature of the film. The title is placed at an unusual angle and size, dark and gritty colours are used, the characters are roughed up and bloody, and the surface of the poster appears to be scratched up and worn. This acts in complete contrast to the typical ideas of the shiny and high production value posters that are often released with films that show the companies that made the film.

Upon deep analysis of the poster, the audience can extract some key details from the film as a result. The positioning of the poster indicates the major reveal at the end of the film with the character's shared identities. This is shown from the framing of the poster. A close up shot of the two has been used where normally one head would usually feature. This shows how both characters are competing for the same headspace in the way that they do in the film. The injuries of the characters are shown on the same area of the face. Tyler is put in the foreground of the poster in order to show how he is the dominant personality meanwhile the Narrator is place to the back in the shadows.

To conclude, this poster is able to establish the tone for the film and explore different themes that are featured within the film. The use of framing, lighting, injuries and soap all depict major components of the film. It raises questions that the audience will need to see the film in order to answer. People who are aware of Fight Club's story will appreciate the way that certain areas of the poster are chosen specifically to hint at a major plot development. The overall visual style and minimalism show the themes of rebellion and going against social norms. We can also see that the poster is targeting an older audience from the gritty and non-censored appearance.

Textual Analysis- Film Poster: Birdman

This image does a great job of intriguing audiences before they go and see the film. People who are unfamiliar with the story that Birdman is telling will not be able to make sense of the poster. In order to achieve a good amount of audience interest, the poster features the leading man, Michael Keaton, in the foreground of the poster. The big cast theme within the film is continued as the lower centre of the poster features the top cast members. This encourages those who are maybe unfamiliar with the film to watch the film because they are fans of the big cast. This list of cast members is featured above the title, which is not common in posters but it manages to draw the attention of the audience to this key selling point.

The poster features an artists rendition of Michael Keaton with the character of Birdman on his head. The title of the film may suggest that this is a superhero film. The typical basis for a superhero film would show the character in his superhero suit with action around him/her. This poster takes the opposite approach by keeping a very minimalist approach with Michael Keaton in a brown suit. This approach highlights some of the satirical elements to the film surrounding the comic book industry. Birdman is instead placed in the background compared to Keaton. The miniature Birdman is placed on Keatons head in order to show how the character is a burden to him and is always weighing on his mind. This is a massive part of the story as Michael Keaton's character is struggling to succeed within his acting career after his run of playing a superhero has caused him to become washed up. The identity of Birdman is something that always plays on his mind and is burdened by the personality of the character throughout the film, which explains why Birdman is perched on his head.

To conclude, the poster for Birdman is purposely kept simplistic but layered in it's meaning. It manages to get past the hurdle of those expecting a low quality superhero film from initially reading the title. The poster focuses on its star power by putting them front and centre which helps to grant some faith of the audience, while increasing the expected quality of the film. People can see that this is a film that focuses on drama and satirical elements of the superhero industry. The overall result is a very simple yet informative poster that will grab audience attention in anticipation for a good film.

Media Timeline-Film Posters

Film posters were only produced for the exclusive use by the theatres showing the film they were promoting, and the copies of the posters were required to be returned to the distributor after the film left the theatre. In the US, film posters were usually returned to a nationwide operation called the National Screen Service which printed and distributed most of the film posters for the studios between 1940 and 1984. The NSS regularly recycled posters that were returned, sending them back out to be used again at another theatre. During this time, a film could stay in circulation for several years, and so many old film posters were badly worn before being retired into storage at an NSS warehouse (most often, they were thrown away when they were no longer needed or had become too worn to be used again).

It is often assumed that the first film poster was created in 1890 for the short film 'Projections Artistiques'. The poster was created by French painter and lithographer Jules Cheret.

Posters can be broken into three categories which include:

Lobby cards

Lobby cards are collectible and values depend on their age, quality, and popularity. They usually feature in sets eight and each features a different scene from the film. Films released by major production companies experiencing financial difficulties often lacked lobby sets, such as Manhunter (1986). Lobby Cards were popular with older films and featured in films such as From Russia with Love (1963).

Teaser poster

A teaser poster is an early promotional film poster. The poster contains a basic image or design which avoids revealing too much information about things such as the plot, theme, and characters. The purpose is to raise awareness and generate hype for the film. A tagline may be included. There are some instances when teaser posters are issued long in advance before the film goes into production, although they are issued during the film development. Examples of this include 2012's The Dark Knight Rises.

Character posters

For a film with an ensemble cast there may be a set of character posters, each featuring an individual character from the film. Usually it contains the name of the actor or the name of the character played. It may also include a tagline that reflects the quality of the character. Character posters are common within big franchise films with pre-existing characters. 2015's Star Wars: The Force Awakens has released character posters for it's upcoming debut.

We can see a number of ways in which the film poster has developed over time. From films such as Gone With the Wind and The Jazz singer in the 1920-30's period, we can see that posters relied heavily on artist renditions instead of images from the film. These posters would give barely any of the plot away, focusing mainly on the genre instead of the story.

From around the 1960's period onwards, films began to blend art with real photographs within the film posters. The posters featured bold art instead of the cookie cutter format that had been used before. The james bond franchise and the star wars franchise would give the audience more of an insight of the story and surrounding characters of the film.

Now that tools such as Photoshop have found mainstream success, they have begun being implemented into the creation of the modern day movie poster. Some franchise such as Star Wars implement a classic artistic look to their posters but others go for a more minimalistic approach, using real images blended with reality while avoiding clutter within the frame and teasing what is to come. The fundamentals of the poster remain the same, the protagonist is often put front and centre of the poster with surrounding characters and elements being pushed to the side. Some of these films include Inception and Avatar.

Detailed Research

Research for Shoots

Props:

As this will be a crime film, I will include some genre related props. There will be action related around guns, baseball bats and cars. I will use each as a way of developing the story as the criminals are supposed to steal a car. They will steal the car with a baseball bat as one of their weapons. Later in the film the three are captured and held up at gun point. I will use handcuffs or rope during the hostage scene as well as a bag over their heads in order to show that they have been captured. Many crime films such as Pulp Fiction and memento will lay the groundwork for the types of props that I am looking for.

Hair and Makeup:

During the hostage scenes I would like for the people to appear as if they have been beaten up and left in the place over night. As a result their hair must be messy and should not look like it has been recently done. In order to show that they have been beaten up I will use bruising makeup in order to create black eyes. I will also use fake blood in order to give the impression of a bleeding nose or cuts on the face. My inspiration for the bruising and cut make up will come from Breaking Bad and Reservoir Dogs.

Costumes:

Since the characters are around the lower middle class, they will dress in typical jeans jacket/hoodies. When they are committing crimes, they will wear darker clothing, padded gloves, equipped with weapons with their faces covered. The captors will be wearing similar, more update outfits. When the three are captured, they will be dressed in rouged up clothing that they wore to the heist on the previous day. They will have duct tape on their mouths and will sometimes have a bag on their head, and are restrained to the chair with rope or handcuffs. The three will then be forced to commit crimes with more updated gear. One of the victims of the event will have been injured over the course of the film and will have bandages and a sling on his arm. My inspiration for the criminal attire would draw from films such as Heat. My inspiration for the character who has been injured will take inspiration from a less intense version of the Birdman bandages.

Locations:

The trailer will have three major acts. The beginning which will feature a standard setting of their town as they live their day to day lives. The hostage scenes where they are captured after their heist and are forced to work for the other criminals. The final act, which is the main source of the narrative, jumping back and forth between past and present which will be set in a police interrogation room. I can set the beginning act of the film in any standard town. The hostage act will take place in an abandoned building or area, I will take inspiration from films such as John Wick or Reservoir Dogs. For the act of a police interrogation scene, I will take inspiration from True Detective.

Codal Analysis

Codal analysis film trailers 3 from NathanR10